{"id":1786,"date":"2021-09-13T16:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T06:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=1786"},"modified":"2022-11-16T11:13:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T01:13:13","slug":"reforming-carbon-accounting-to-support-of-nature-based-solutions","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/publications\/reforming-carbon-accounting-to-support-of-nature-based-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Policy brief: Reforming carbon accounting to support of nature-based solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1786\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-1786-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-1786-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1786-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_siteorigin-panels-builder panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"publications-block panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1786-0-0-0\" ><div id=\"pl-w6320268b97ef5\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-w6320268b97ef5-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-w6320268b97ef5-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-w6320268b97ef5-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>The core problem is that data reported under the UNFCCC for net emissions and removals related to human activities are insufficient for the understanding of the carbon dynamics of ecosystems. Hence, nature-based solutions for mitigation activities do not reflect their full potential.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.griffith.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0032\/1567535\/Reforming-Carbon-Accounting-Briefing-Note-1-of-21-with-DOI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download policy brief<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The inadequacies of current carbon accounting create perverse outcomes, which encourage forest degradation, including the:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>converting carbon-dense forests\u00a0and peatlands into fast-growing\u00a0plantations, which merely appear to sequester carbon;<\/li>\n<li>preventing re-growing forests from reaching\u00a0maturity because of the false\u00a0accounting preference for young,<br \/>\nfast-growing forests;<\/li>\n<li>harvesting forests for wood products\u00a0and bioenergy, which results in loss of\u00a0carbon stocks where replacement of<br \/>\nthese stocks will only occur decades into\u00a0the future, thus creating a\u00a0carbon debt; and<\/li>\n<li>erroneously considering carbon stocks\u00a0in reservoirs of different longevities\u00a0and risk of loss as equal in value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Accounting for\u00a0carbon stocks in ecosystems as their long-term\u00a0average at the landscape scale remains the key metric\u00a0by which to assess the exchange between the\u00a0biosphere and atmosphere. Monitoring\u00a0variability in flows of emissions and removals over time\u00a0is not adequate.<\/p>\n<p>Climate change\u00a0depends on the total stock of carbon dioxide\u00a0in the atmosphere and the increase that has\u00a0occurred due to transfers from the geocarbon\u00a0and biocarbon reservoirs - not that which is only recorded in existing UNFCCC inventories.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w6320268b97ef5-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>An alternative approach<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/seea.un.org\/ecosystem-accounting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">System of Environmental Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting<\/a>\u00a0(SEEA EA) framework presents a holistic and comprehensive approach to carbon accounting\u00a0for stocks and flows. It can better enable the effectiveness\u00a0of nature based solutions \u00a0for climate change mitigation to\u00a0be fully evaluated and then prioritised.<\/p>\n<p>SEEA EA accounts for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>all land and associated ecosystems\u00a0that are spatially referenced;<\/li>\n<li>all stocks disaggregated into\u00a0categories of carbon reservoirs, e.g.\u00a0biocarbon, geocarbon;<\/li>\n<li>classification of the quality \/\u00a0condition of carbon reservoirs in\u00a0terms of stability, longevity and\u00a0resilience of their carbon stocks, e.g.\u00a0primary forests, secondary or semi-naturalforests, plantations, gross\u00a0flows reported, i.e. gains (additions)\u00a0and losses (reductions) of carbon\u00a0stocks;<\/li>\n<li>all carbon pools within ecosystems,\u00a0e.g. above- and below-ground living\u00a0and dead biomass and soil carbon\u00a0pools,<br \/>\n\u2022 ecosystem carbon stocks assessed;<\/li>\n<li>against a reference level that\u00a0represents ecosystem integrity (i.e.\u00a0their natural state);<\/li>\n<li>physical measures of carbon stocks\u00a0and flows within ecosystem assets\u00a0are linked to the economic system\u00a0through land use and ownership,\u00a0valuation of ecosystem services, and\u00a0sectors that benefit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-1786-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1786-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_siteorigin-panels-builder panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"author-list-block panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1786-0-1-0\" ><div id=\"pl-w6320241474145\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-w6320241474145-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-w6320241474145-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-w6320241474145-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_lsow-portfolio panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-lsow-portfolio so-widget-lsow-portfolio-default-5b537beead98\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h2 class=\"widget-title\">Article authors<\/h2><div class=\"lsow-portfolio-wrap lsow-gapless-grid\"><div id=\"lsow-portfolio-66f80c0d20d60\" class=\"lsow-portfolio js-isotope lsow-fitRows lsow-grid-container  lsow-grid-desktop-1 lsow-grid-tablet-1 lsow-grid-mobile-1\" data-isotope-options='{ \"itemSelector\": \".lsow-portfolio-item\", \"layoutMode\": \"fitRows\"}'><div data-id=\"id-446\" class=\"lsow-grid-item lsow-portfolio-item \"><article id=\"post-446\" class=\"post-446 researcher type-researcher status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry project-partner-griffith-university researchfield-forest-carbon-accounting\"><div class=\"lsow-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/heather-keith\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/heather-keith.jpeg\" class=\"lsow-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy wp-post-image\" alt=\"Heather Keith\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/heather-keith.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/heather-keith-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/heather-keith-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/heather-keith-16x16.jpeg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lsow-entry-text-wrap \"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/heather-keith\/\" title=\"Heather Keith\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark\">Heather Keith<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"entry-summary\">Heather is a Senior Research Fellow at Griffith University. Her research is aimed at understanding the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, particularly forests, to improve their management for conservation and climate change mitigation.<\/div><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-40\" class=\"lsow-grid-item lsow-portfolio-item \"><article id=\"post-40\" class=\"post-40 researcher type-researcher status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry project-partner-griffith-university project-partner-primary-forest-alliance researchfield-ecosystem-integrity researchfield-forest-carbon-accounting\"><div class=\"lsow-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/brendan-mackey\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Brendan_Mackey-cropped.jpeg\" class=\"lsow-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy wp-post-image\" alt=\"Dr Brendan Mackey\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Brendan_Mackey-cropped.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Brendan_Mackey-cropped-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Brendan_Mackey-cropped-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Brendan_Mackey-cropped-16x16.jpeg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lsow-entry-text-wrap \"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/brendan-mackey\/\" title=\"Brendan Mackey\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark\">Brendan Mackey<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"entry-summary\">Project Director and Director of the Griffith Climate Action Beacon at Griffith University, contributing to community planning and engagement in forest projects.<\/div><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-335\" class=\"lsow-grid-item lsow-portfolio-item \"><article id=\"post-335\" class=\"post-335 researcher type-researcher status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry project-partner-australian-rainforest-conservation-society project-partner-primary-forest-alliance researchfield-policy\"><div class=\"lsow-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/virginia-young\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/virginia-young.jpg\" class=\"lsow-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy wp-post-image\" alt=\"Virginia Young\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/virginia-young.jpg 300w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/virginia-young-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/virginia-young-16x16.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lsow-entry-text-wrap \"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/primaryforestsandclimate.org\/researcher\/virginia-young\/\" title=\"Virginia Young\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark\">Virginia Young<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"entry-summary\">Virginia is a Director of the International Forests and Climate Programme for the Australian Rainforest Conservation Society (ARCS) working in the international policy arena on primary forests as part of a global collaborative research programme funded through Griffith University.\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><\/div><!-- .lsow-portfolio --><\/div><!-- .lsow-portfolio-wrap --><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w6320241474145-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h2 class=\"widget-title\">Additional authors<\/h2>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Vardon, M., Obst, C., and Houghton, R.A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-1786-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-1786-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1786-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"hanging-indent-text panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1786-1-0-0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>Reference<\/h3>\n<p>Keith, H., Vardon, M., Obst, C.,\u00a0Young, V., Houghton, RA., and\u00a0Mackey, B. (2021). Reforming\u00a0Carbon Accounting to Support\u00a0Nature-based Solutions, Griffith\u00a0Climate Action Beacon Science\u00a0Informing Policy Briefing Note 1\/21,\u00a0pp. 1-5. Brisbane, Australia: Griffith\u00a0University.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25904\/1912\/4508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25904\/1912\/4508<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nature-based solutions provide opportunities for climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation and ameliorating environmental degradation. But those opportunities are not materialising as current carbon accounting is deficient for use in evaluating them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":[6,30,39],"featured_media":1796,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","researchfield":[81,14],"publicationtype":[72],"case_study":[48],"class_list":["post-1786","publications","type-publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","researchfield-biodiversity_conservation","researchfield-forest-carbon-accounting","publicationtype-policy-papers","author-brendan-mackey","author-heather-keith","author-virginia-young","case_study-global"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Policy brief: Reforming carbon accounting to support of nature-based solutions - Primary Forests &amp; Climate Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nature-based solutions provide opportunities for climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation and ameliorating environmental degradation. 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